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Saturday, February 12, 2011

Keyboard shortcut of MAC OS

To use a keyboard shortcut, or key combination, you press a modifier key with a character key. For example, pressing the Command key (the key with a symbol) and the "c" key at the same time copies whatever is currently selected (text, graphics, and so forth) into the Clipboard. This is also known as the Command-C key combination (or keyboard shortcut).
A modifier key is a part of many key combinations. A modifier key alters the way other keystrokes or mouse clicks are interpreted by Mac OS X. Modifier keys include: Command, Control, Option, Shift, Caps Lock, and the fn key (if your keyboard has a fn key).

Here are the modifier key symbols you can see in Mac OS X menus:
Command key icon (Command key) - On some Apple keyboards, this key also has an Apple logo (apple
logo)
Control key icon (Control key)
Option or Alt key icon (Option key) - "Alt" may also appear on this key
Shift icon (Shift key)
Caps lock icon (Caps Lock) - Toggles Caps Lock on or off
fn (Function key)
Startup keyboard shortcuts
Press the key or key combination until the expected function occurs/appears (for example, hold Option during startup until Startup Manager appears, or Shift until "Safe Boot" appears). Tip: If a startup function doesn't work and you use a third-party keyboard, connect an Apple keyboard and try again.
OptionDisplay all bootable volumes (Startup Manager)
ShiftPerform Safe Boot (start up in Safe Mode)
CStart from a bootable disc (DVD, CD)
TStart in FireWire target disk mode
NStart from NetBoot server
XForce Mac OS X startup (if non-Mac OS X startup volumes are present)
Command-VStart in Verbose Mode
Command-SStart in Single User Mode

Finder keyboard shortcuts

Command-ASelect all items in the front Finder window (or desktop if no window is open)
Option-Command-ADeselect all items
Shift-Command-AOpen the Applications folder
Command-CCopy selected item/text to the Clipboard
Shift-Command-COpen the Computer window
Command-DDuplicate selected item
Shift-Command-DOpen desktop folder
Command-EEject
Command-FFind any matching Spotlight attribute
Shift-Command-FFind Spotlight file name matches
Option-Command-FNavigate to the search field in an already-open Spotlight window
Shift-Command-GGo to Folder
Shift-Command-HOpen the Home folder of the currently logged-in user account
Command-IGet Info
Option-Command-IShow Inspector
Control-Command-IGet Summary Info
Shift-Command-IOpen iDisk
Command-JShow View Options
Command-KConnect to Server
Shift-Command-KOpen Network window
Command-LMake alias of the selected item
Command-MMinimize window
Option-Command-MMinimize all windows
Command-NNew Finder window
Shift-Command-NNew folder
Option-Command-NNew Smart Folder
Command-OOpen selected item
Shift-Command-QLog Out
Option-Shift-Command-QLog Out immediately
Command-RShow original (of alias)
Command-TAdd to Sidebar
Shift-Command-TAdd to Favorites
Option-Command-THide Toolbar / Show Toolbar in Finder windows
Shift-Command-UOpen Utilities folder
Command-VPaste
Command-WClose window
Option-Command-WClose all windows
Command-XCut
Option-Command-YSlideshow (Mac OS X 10.5 or later)
Command-ZUndo / Redo
Command-1View as Icon
Command-2View as List
Command-3View as Columns
Command-4View as Cover Flow (Mac OS X 10.5 or later)
Command-, (Command and the comma key)Open Finder preferences
Command-` (the Grave accent key--above Tab key on a US English keyboard layout)Cycle through open Finder windows
Command-Shift-?Open Mac Help
Option-Shift-Command-Esc (hold for three seconds) - Mac OS X v10.5, v10.6 or later onlyForce Quit front-most application
Command-[Back
Command-]Forward
Command-Up ArrowOpen enclosed folder
Control-Command-Up ArrowOpen enclosed folder in a new window
Command-Down ArrowOpen highlighted item
Command-TabSwitch application--cycle forward
Shift-Command-TabSwitch application--cycle backward
Command-DeleteMove to Trash
Shift-Command-DeleteEmpty Trash
Option-Shift-Command-DeleteEmpty Trash without confirmation dialog
Spacebar (or Command-Y)Quick Look (Mac OS X 10.5 or later)
Command key while draggingMove dragged item to other volume/location (pointer icon changes while key is held--see this article)
Option key while draggingCopy dragged item (pointer icon changes while key is held--see this article)
Option-Command key combination while draggingMake alias of dragged item (pointer icon changes while key is held--see this article)

Application and other Mac OS X keyboard commands
Note: Some applications may not support all of the below application key combinations.
Command-SpaceShow or hide the Spotlight search field (if multiple languages are installed, may rotate through enabled script systems)
Control-AMove to beginning of line/paragraph
Control-BMove one character backward
Control-DDelete the character in front of the cursor
Control-EMove to end of line/paragraph
Control-FMove one character forward
Control-HDelete the character behind the cursor
Control-KDelete from the character in front of the cursor to the end of the line/paragraph
Control-LCenter the cursor/selection in the visible area
Control-NMove down one line
Control-OInsert a new line after the cursor
Control-PMove up one line
Control-TTranspose the character behind the cursor and the character in front of the cursor
Control-VMove down one page
Option-Command-SpaceShow the Spotlight search results window (if multiple languages are installed, may rotate through keyboard layouts and input methods within a script)
Command-TabMove forward to the next most recently used application in a list of open applications
Shift-Command-TabMove backward through a list of open applications (sorted by recent use)
Shift-TabNavigate through controls in a reverse direction
Control-TabMove focus to the next grouping of controls in a dialog or the next table (when Tab moves to the next cell)
Shift-Control-TabMove focus to the previous grouping of controls
Command-escOpen Front Row (if installed)
Option-EjectEject from secondary optical media drive (if one is installed)
Control-EjectShow shutdown dialog
Option-Command-EjectPut the computer to sleep
Control-Command-EjectQuit all applications (after giving you a chance to save changes to open documents), then restart the computer
Control Option-Command-EjectQuit all applications (after giving you a chance to save changes to open documents), then shut down the computer
fn-DeleteForward Delete (on portable Macs' built-in keyboard)
Control-F1Toggle full keyboard access on or off
Control-F2Move focus to the menu bar
Control-F3Move focus to the Dock
Control-F4Move focus to the active (or next) window
Shift-Control-F4Move focus to the previously active window
Control-F5Move focus to the toolbar.
Control-F6Move focus to the first (or next) panel
Shift-Control-F6Move focus to the previous panel
Control-F7Temporarily override the current keyboard access mode in windows and dialogs
F9Tile or untile all open windows
F10Tile or untile all open windows in the currently active application
F11Hide or show all open windows
F12Hide or display Dashboard
Command-`Activate the next open window in the frontmost application
Shift-Command-`Activate the previous open window in the frontmost application
Option-Command-`Move focus to the window drawer
Command- - (minus)Decrease the size of the selected item
Command-{Left-align a selection
Command-}Right-align a selection
Command-|Center-align a selection
Command-:Display the Spelling window
Command-;Find misspelled words in the document
Command-,Open the front application's preferences window (if it supports this keyboard shortcut)
Option-Control-Command-,Decrease screen contrast
Option-Control-Command-.Increase screen contrast
Command-?Open the application's help in Help Viewer
Option-Command-/Turn font smoothing on or off
Shift-Command-=Increase the size of the selected item
Shift-Command-3Capture the screen to a file
Shift-Control-Command-3Capture the screen to the Clipboard
Shift-Command-4Capture a selection to a file
Shift-Control-Command-4Capture a selection to the Clipboard
Command-AHighlight every item in a document or window, or all characters in a text field
Command-BBoldface the selected text or toggle boldfaced text on and off
Command-CCopy the selected data to the Clipboard
Shift-Command-CDisplay the Colors window
Option-Command-CCopy the style of the selected text
Control-Command-CCopy the formatting settings of the selected item and store on the Clipboard
Option-Command-DShow or hide the Dock
Command-Control DDisplay the definition of the selected word in the Dictionary application
Command-EUse the selection for a find
Command-FOpen a Find window
Option-Command-FMove to the search field control
Command-GFind the next occurrence of the selection
Shift-Command-GFind the previous occurrence of the selection
Command-HHide the windows of the currently running application
Option-Command-HHide the windows of all other running applications
Command-IItalicize the selected text or toggle italic text on or off
Option-Command-IDisplay an inspector window
Command-JScroll to a selection
Command-MMinimize the active window to the Dock
Option-Command-MMinimize all windows of the active application to the Dock
Command-NCreate a new document in the frontmost application
Command-ODisplay a dialog for choosing a document to open in the frontmost application
Command-PDisplay the Print dialog
Shift-Command-PDisplay a dialog for specifying printing parameters (Page Setup)
Command-QQuit the frontmost application
Command-SSave the active document
Shift-Command-SDisplay the Save As dialog
Command-TDisplay the Fonts window
Option-Command-TShow or hide a toolbar
Command-UUnderline the selected text or turn underlining on or off
Command-VPaste the Clipboard contents at the insertion point
Option-Command-VApply the style of one object to the selected object (Paste Style)
Option-Shift-Command-VApply the style of the surrounding text to the inserted object (Paste and Match Style)
Control-Command-VApply formatting settings to the selected object (Paste Ruler Command)
Command-WClose the frontmost window
Shift-Command-WClose a file and its associated windows
Option-Command-WClose all windows in the application without quitting it
Command-XRemove the selection and store in the Clipboard
Command-ZUndo previous command (some applications allow for multiple Undos)
Shift-Command-ZRedo previous command (some applications allow for multiple Redos)
Control-Right ArrowMove focus to another value or cell within a view, such as a table
Control-Left ArrowMove focus to another value or cell within a view, such as a table
Control-Down ArrowMove focus to another value or cell within a view, such as a table
Control-Up ArrowMove focus to another value or cell within a view, such as a table
Command-Right ArrowMove the text insertion point to the end of the current line
Command-Left ArrowMove the text insertion point to the beginning of the current line
Command-Down ArrowMove the text insertion point to the end of the document
Command-Up ArrowMove the text insertion point to the beginning of the document
Shift-Command-Right ArrowSelect text between the insertion point and the end of the current line (*)
Shift-Command-Left ArrowSelect text between the insertion point and the beginning of the current line (*)
Shift-Right ArrowExtend text selection one character to the right (*)
Shift-Left ArrowExtend text selection one character to the left (*)
Shift-Command-Up ArrowSelect text between the insertion point and the beginning of the document (*)
Shift-Command-Down ArrowSelect text between the insertion point and the end of the document (*)
Shift-Up ArrowExtend text selection to the line above, to the nearest character boundary at the same horizontal location (*)
Shift-Down ArrowExtend text selection to the line below, to the nearest character boundary at the same horizontal location (*)
Shift-Option-Right ArrowExtend text selection to the end of the current word, then to the end of the following word if pressed again (*)
Shift-Option-Left ArrowExtend text selection to the beginning of the current word, then to the beginning of the following word if pressed again (*)
Shift-Option-Down ArrowExtend text selection to the end of the current paragraph, then to the end of the following paragraph if pressed again (*)
Shift-Option-Up ArrowExtend text selection to the beginning of the current paragraph, then to the beginning of the following paragraph if pressed again (*)
Control-SpaceToggle between the current and previous input sources
Option-Control-SpaceToggle through all enabled input sources
Option-Command-escForce Quit
(*) Note: If no text is selected, the extension begins at the insertion point. If text is selected by dragging, then the extension begins at the selection boundary. Reversing the direction of the selection deselects the appropriate unit.

Universal Access - VoiceOver keyboard commands

For information about VoiceOver key combination differences in Mac OS X v10.6, see this article.
Command-F5 or
fn Command-F5
Turn VoiceOver on or off
Control Option-F8 or
fn Control Option-F8
Open VoiceOver Utility
Control Option-F7 or
fn Control Option-F7
Display VoiceOver menu
Control Option-;
or fn Control Option-;
Enable/disable VoiceOver Control Option-lock
Option-Command-8 or
fn Command-F11
Turn on Zoom
Option-Command-+Zoom In
Option-Command- - (minus)Zoom Out
Option-Control-Command-8Invert/revert the screen colors
Control Option-Command-,Reduce contrast
Control Option-Command-.Increase contrast
Note: You may need to enable "Use all F1, F2, etc. keys as standard keys" in Keyboard preferences for the VoiceOver menu and utility to work.

Universal Access - Mouse Keys

When Mouse Keys is turned on in Universal Access preferences, you can use the keyboard or numeric keypad keys to move the mouse pointer. If your computer doesn't have a numeric keypad, use the Fn (function) key.
8Move Up
2Move Down
4Move Left
6Move Right
1Move Diagonally Bottom Left
3Move Diagonally Bottom Right
7Move Diagonally Top Left
9Move Diagonally Top Right
5Press Mouse Button
0Hold Mouse Button
. (period on number pad)Release Hold Mouse Button

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